NF D65-030-2007 商店/店铺产品陈列设备.考虑产品陈列条件的建议
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来源:标准资料网
【英文标准名称】:Shop/Storeproductdisplayequipement-Recommendationsconcerningtheconditionsforproductdisplay.
【原文标准名称】:商店/店铺产品陈列设备.考虑产品陈列条件的建议
【标准号】:NFD65-030-2007
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:法国
【发布日期】:2007-10-01
【实施或试行日期】:2007-10-19
【发布单位】:法国标准化协会(AFNOR)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:Y81
【国际标准分类号】:97_130_10
【页数】:31P;A4
【正文语种】:其他
基本信息
| 标准名称： | 水产养殖废水排放要求 |
| 发布日期： | 1900-01-01 |
| 实施日期： | 1900-01-01 |
| 首发日期： | 1900-01-01 |
| 作废日期： | 1900-01-01 |
| 出版日期： | 1900-01-01 |
适用范围
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前言
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目录
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引用标准
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所属分类： 农业 林业 水产 渔业 淡水养殖与产品 农业 捕捞和水产养殖
【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforEstimateoftheHeatGainorLossandtheSurfaceTemperaturesofInsulatedFlat,Cylindrical,andSphericalSystemsbyUseofComputerPrograms
【原文标准名称】:用计算机程序估测绝热的平面系统,圆柱形和球形系统的表面温度及吸热或热损失的标准实施规范
【标准号】:ASTMC680-2010
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2010
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:C16.30
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:计算机程序;热流;得热量;热损失;管;隔热;算法;柱面热绝缘;平面热绝缘
【英文主题词】:computerprogram;heatflow;heatgain;heatloss;pipe;thermalinsulation;Algorithms;Cylindricalthermalinsulation;Flatthermalinsulation
【摘要】:Manufacturersofthermalinsulationexpresstheperformanceoftheirproductsinchartsandtablesshowingheatgainorlossperunitsurfaceareaorunitlengthofpipe.Thisdataispresentedfortypicalinsulationthicknesses,operatingtemperatures,surfaceorientations(facingup,down,horizontal,vertical),andinthecaseofpipes,differentpipesizes.Theexteriorsurfacetemperatureoftheinsulationisoftenshowntoprovideinformationonpersonnelprotectionorsurfacecondensation.However,additionalinformationoneffectsofwindvelocity,jacketemittance,ambientconditionsandotherinfluentialparametersmayalsoberequiredtoproperlyselectaninsulationsystem.Duetothelargenumberofcombinationsofsize,temperature,humidity,thickness,jacketproperties,surfaceemittance,orientation,andambientconditions,itisnotpracticaltopublishdataforeachpossiblecase,Refs(31,32).Usersofthermalinsulationfacedwiththeproblemofdesigninglargethermalinsulationsystemsencountersubstantialengineeringcosttoobtaintherequiredinformation.Thiscostcanbesubstantiallyreducedbytheuseofaccurateengineeringdatatables,oravailablecomputeranalysistools,orboth.Theuseofthispracticebybothmanufacturersandusersofthermalinsulationwillprovidestandardizedengineeringdataofsufficientaccuracyforpredictingthermalinsulationsystemperformance.However,itisimportanttonotethattheaccuracyofresultsisextremelydependentontheaccuracyoftheinputdata.Certainapplicationsmayneedspecificdatatoproducemeaningfulresults.Theuseofanalysisproceduresdescribedinthispracticecanalsoapplytodesignedorexistingsystems.Intherectangularcoordinatesystem,PracticeC680canbeappliedtoheatflowsnormaltoflat,horizontalorverticalsurfacesforalltypesofenclosures,suchasboilers,furnaces,refrigeratedchambersandbuildingenvelopes.Inthecylindricalcoordinatesystem,PracticeC680canbeappliedtoradialheatflowsforalltypesofpipingcircuits.Inthesphericalcoordinatesystem,PracticeC680canbeappliedtoradialheatflowstoorfromstoredfluidssuchasliquefiednaturalgas(LNG).PracticeC680isreferencedforusewithGuideC1055andPracticeC1057forburnhazardevaluationforheatedsurfaces.Infraredinspection,in-situheatfluxmeasurements,orbothareoftenusedinconjunctionwithPracticeC680toevaluateinsulationsystemperformanceanddurabilityofoperatingsystems.Thistypeofanalysisisoftenmadepriortosystemupgradesorreplacements.Allporousandnon-poroussolidsofnaturalorman-madeoriginhavetemperaturedependentthermalconductivities.Thechangeinthermalconductivitywithtemperatureisdifferentfordifferentmaterials,andforoperationatarelativelysmalltemperaturedifference,anaveragethermalconductivitymaysuffice.Thermalinsulatingmaterials(kx003C;0.85{Btux00B7;in}/{hx00B7;ft2x00B7;x00B0;F})areporoussolidswheretheheattransfermodesincludeconductioninseriesandparallelflowthroughthematrixofsolidandgaseousportions,radiantheatexchangebetweenthesurfacesoftheporesorinterstices,aswellastransmissionthroughnon-opaquesurfaces,andtoalesserextent,convectionwithinandbetweenthegaseousportions.Withtheexistenceofradiationandconvectionmodesofheattransfer,themeasuredvalueshouldbecalledapparentthermalconductivityasdescribedinTerminology
